Desert Horned Viper

Cerastes cerastes

Also known as: Saharan horned viper, North African horned viper, African desert horned viper, Greater cerastes.

Geographic Locale

• A venomous viper species native to the deserts of Northern Africa and parts of the Middle East.

Appearance

• The average length is 30–60 cm (0.98–2.0 ft), with a maximum of 85 cm (33 in). Females are larger than males. Males having larger heads & eyes than females.
• They are easily recognized by the presence of a pair of horns, although hornless individuals do occur.

Behaviour

• Prefers dry sandy areas with sparse rock outcroppings. Tends not to prefer coarse sand. Occasionally found around oases and up to an altitude of 1500 m. Prefers cooler temperatures with annual averages of 20°C or less.
• They typically move about by sidewinding  leaving whole-body impressions. They have a reasonably placid temperament, but if threatened they may assume a C-shaped posture. They are capable of striking quickly.

Bite & Venom

• Venom is not very toxic. Usually causes swelling, hemorrhage, necrosis, nausea, & vomiting. Venom yields vary.

Lifecycle

• Mating occurs in April and always while buried in the sand.
• Lays 8-23 eggs that hatch after 50 to 80 days of incubation. The eggs are laid under rocks and in abandoned rodent burrows. The hatchlings measure 12–15 cm in length.